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Large Battery Adiabatic Calorimeter

BAC-420AE

BAC-420BE

BAC-800AE

BAC-800BE

BAC-1000AE

The BAC-420AE is a compact adiabatic calorimeter designed for large battery cells and small modules up to 600 mm in length. With a 420 mm furnace diameter and ±500 A current range, it provides a cost-effective and reliable platform for standard thermal runaway and heat generation studies.

Test Parameters

Thermal Runaway Onset Temperature, Maximum Rate of Temperature Rise, Adiabatic Temperature Rise, Specific Heat Capacity, etc.

Applicable Fields

Battery Pack, Battery Cell

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Features

Specifications

Standards

Applications

Videos

Features

Compact 420 mm Furnace Design

±500 A Standard Electrical Testing Range

Adiabatic Thermal Runaway & Gas Monitoring

High Sensitivity Self-Heating Detection

Auxiliary Heating for Efficient Baseline Stabilization

Integrated Explosion Protection System

Specifications

Adiabatic Furnace Dimensions	420 mm (Diameter) × 520 mm (Depth)
Self-exothermic Detection Sensitivity	0.01–0.02 ℃/min, adjustable via software
Temperature Difference between Furnace and Sample in Constant Temperature	≤0.5 °C
Temperature Control Range	RT–300 °C
Temperature Tracking Rate	0.02–13 °C/min
Operating Pressure Range	0–2 MPa
Maximum Nail Penetration Stroke	Software-configurable
Maximum Current-carrying Capacity of Charge/Discharge Electrode Posts	-500 to 500 A

Applications

Testing for Explosion Limits of Gases from Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway

Adiabatic Thermal Runaway Characteristics Study of Large-Capacity High-Nickel Lithium-Ion Batteries

Thermal Runaway Behavior of Ni-Rich NCM 9-Series Lithium-Ion Batteries

Comparison of Isothermal Calorimeter and Battery Adiabatic Calorimeter for Lithium Battery Charge/Discharge Heat Production Measurement

Optimized Protocol for Heating Wire-Assisted Temperature Difference Baseline Experiments

Verification of the Impact of Clamp Types on the Thermal Runaway Test Results of HWS Batteries

Videos

Product Introduction

Large Battery Adiabatic Calorimeter

BAC Series

Product Introduction

Large Battery Adiabatic Calorimeter

BAC-420AE

Product Introduction

Large Battery Adiabatic Calorimeter

BAC-420AE

Product Introduction

Large Battery Adiabatic Calorimeter

BAC-420AE

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Q&A

Is BAC-420AE suitable for academic laboratories?

Yes. It is well suited for university labs and standard battery safety research.

Does it include low-temperature capability?

Low-temperature testing is optional. For standard -25 °C configuration, consider BAC-420BE.

What current range does it support?

±500 A, suitable for most cell-level and small module testing.

What battery size can it accommodate?

Cells and modules up to 600 mm in length.

Is it appropriate for routine verification testing?

Yes. It provides stable and repeatable thermal runaway evaluation for routine lab use.

UL 9540A: Battery ESS Thermal Runaway & Fire Propagation

ASTM E1981-98(2012): ARC Thermal Stability Assessment

USABC SAND99-0497: Thermal Stability Tests (USABC)

SAE J2464 (R2009): Thermal Stability Tests (SAE)

FreedomCAR SAND 2005-3123: Thermal Stability Tests (FreedomCAR)

UL 1973: Stationary & Motive Battery Safety

GB 38031-2020: EV Traction Battery Safety

SN/T 3078.1-2012: Chemical Thermal Stability — ARC

Our Strengths

Full-Scale Cell Coverage

From battery materials and small pouch cells to large-format prismatic and cylindrical modules, the BAC series covers the full lithium-ion development chain. Chamber diameters range from 90 mm to 1000 mm and support samples up to 1500 mm in length.

Compact systems provide the sensitivity needed for coin-cell and thin pouch-cell screening, while large-format systems accommodate energy-storage cells, large LFP designs, and high-energy-density automotive cells. All configurations operate under true adiabatic conditions, ensuring consistent thermal runaway characterization.

Two Chamber Variants

The BAC series offers two chamber configurations: vented lid relief and sealed directional relief.

Vented systems use a spring-loaded lid for primary venting, with a 3.5 mm steel blast enclosure and high-flow exhaust for additional isolation. Sealed systems integrate rupture discs and relief valves for directional pressure relief, supporting gas-evolution analysis with dedicated safety alarms.

Modular Configuration

Beyond conventional thermal abuse testing, the system integrates gas collection, pressure measurement, nail penetration, video monitoring, charge/discharge calorimetry, specific heat capacity measurement, atmosphere simulation, and cryogenic cooling.

Each module mounts directly to the adiabatic chamber without altering thermal boundaries or pressure integrity. This enables multi-physics characterization in a single test sequence, from standalone thermal abuse testing to concurrent runaway and gas-evolution analysis.

Precision Calorimetry

An integrated control architecture combines a predictive thermal model, classical PID regulation, and refined furnace design to maintain true adiabatic tracking for large-format cells.

Trained on extensive experimental data, the model anticipates sample temperature trajectories and proactively adjusts furnace conditions. This reduces thermal-inertia-induced control lag, shortens stabilization time, and delivers the high-precision self-heating detection required for reliable battery ARC characterization.

Accelerated Test Throughput

Baseline calibration is essential for accurate ARC data. Conventional methods require 3–5 days for a 280 Ah LFP cell, and complex conditions can extend beyond one week.

The BAC series applies an auxiliary heating wire directly to the sample surface, cutting calibration time by one-third while maintaining full measurement fidelity under HWS validation. An integrated baseline database further streamlines preparation by enabling direct recall of historical profiles matched to sample specifications.

Proven Cell Compatibility

The BAC series has been validated on hundreds of commercial cells, covering ultra-high-nickel NCM (9-series), NCM811, NCM622, and LFP chemistries from 130 Ah to 320 Ah.

It achieves precise adiabatic thermal runaway characterization and thermophysical property measurement across this range of formats and chemistries, demonstrating broad applicability and reliable measurement performance.

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Technology

【Q】vWhat is the working principle of a battery adiabatic calorimeter?

【A】The BAC series employs adiabatic tracking technology to monitor cell temperature in real time while dynamically adjusting the chamber environment temperature, driving the temperature differential between cell and chamber toward zero. This effectively eliminates heat exchange, ensuring that all observed temperature changes originate solely from the cell's own heat generation or absorption. The system can therefore induce and record the complete thermal runaway process, yielding accurate characterization of key thermal runaway parameters.

【Q】What tests can a battery adiabatic calorimeter perform?

【A】The BAC series supports thermal abuse testing, electrical abuse testing, mechanical abuse testing, specific heat capacity testing, visual monitoring, gas evolution analysis, and charge/discharge calorimetry. These capabilities cover the full spectrum of battery thermal safety evaluation, from abuse triggering to gas analysis and heat generation measurement.

【Q】What key parameters does adiabatic calorimetry provide?

【A】Thermal runaway characteristic temperatures (T₁, T₂, T₃), adiabatic temperature rise, specific heat capacity, charge/discharge heat-generation power and total heat generation, pressure-rise rate, and maximum gas-generation pressure.

【Q】How is adiabatic calorimetry used in battery thermal safety evaluation?

【A】The system enables thermal runaway testing of large-format single cells or small modules under adiabatic conditions to obtain thermal stability characteristic parameters. It also supports cell-level gas-evolution assessment within the UL 9540A standard framework, providing gas volume and generation-rate data to inform module and pack-level venting and burst-protection design. Gas sampling and analysis further enable evaluation of cell-level gas hazards.

【Q】How does adiabatic calorimetry support battery thermal management?

【A】The system measures heat generation, heat-generation rate, and temperature-dependent specific heat capacity across a wide temperature range, including low-temperature conditions. These data provide the quantitative basis for battery thermal management system design and validation.

【Q】Can adiabatic calorimetry be used for battery material testing?

【A】The system enables thermal stability testing of electrolytes, cathode and anode materials, and separators to obtain thermal decomposition characteristic parameters, supporting the improvement of cell and system safety design.